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| birth_date = | birth_place = Adelaide, South Australia | death_date = | death_place = Oxford, United Kingdom | nationality = 🇦🇺Australian🇦🇺 | field = Bacteriology, immunology | work_institutions =University of Adelaide University of Oxford University of Cambridge University of Sheffield | alma_mater = University of Adelaide Magdalen College, Oxford | known_for = Discovery of penicillin's properties | prizes = Fellow of the Royal Society }} Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, (24 September 189821 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin. Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials in 1941 of penicillin at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, a Postmaster from Wolvercote near Oxford. The patient started to recover but subsequently died because Florey had not made enough penicillin. It was Florey and his team who actually made a useful and effective drug out of penicillin, after the task had been abandoned as too difficult. Florey's discoveries, along with Alexander Fleming and Ernst Chain, are estimated to have saved over 82 million lives,〔Woodward, Billy. "Howard Florey-Over 6 million Lives Saved." ''Scientists Greater Than Einstein'' Fresno: Quill Driver Books, 2009 ISBN 1-884956-87-4.〕 and he is consequently regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as one of its greatest figures. Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, said, "In terms of world well-being, Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia". == Early life and education == Howard Florey was the youngest of three children and the only son. 〔P43 The Mold in Dr Flory's Coat by Eric Lax.〕His father, John Florey, was an English immigrant, and his mother Bertha Mary Florey was a third-generation Australian.〔(V. Quirke, Howard Walter Florey )〕 He was born in Adelaide, South Australia, in 1898. Florey was educated at Kyre College Preparatory School (now Scotch College) and then St Peter's College, Adelaide, where he was a brilliant academic and junior sportsman. He studied medicine at the University of Adelaide from 1917 to 1921. At the university, he met Ethel Reed (Mary Ethel Hayter Reed), another medical student, who became both his wife and his research colleague. The marriage was unhappy, due to Ethel's poor health and Florey's intolerance. Florey continued his studies at Magdalen College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, receiving the degrees of BA and MA. In 1926, he was elected to a fellowship at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and a year later he received the degree of PhD from the University of Cambridge. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Howard Florey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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